Help:IPA/Russian
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ru}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Russian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants. Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, like the articulation of the y sound in yes. /j, ɕː, tɕ/ are always soft, whereas /ʂ, ts, ʐ/ are always hard.
See Russian phonology and Russian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.
Consonants | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hard | Soft | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
b | ![]() |
boot | bʲ | ![]() |
beautiful | |
d | ![]() ![]() |
do | dʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
dew (UK) | |
f | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
fool | fʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
few | |
ɡ | ![]() ![]() |
goo | ɡʲ | ![]() |
argue | |
N/A | j | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
yes | |||
k | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
scar | kʲ | ![]() |
skew | |
l | ![]() |
pill | lʲ | ![]() ![]() |
lean | |
m | ![]() |
moot | mʲ | ![]() ![]() |
mute | |
n | ![]() |
noon | nʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
newt (for some dialects) | |
p | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
span | pʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
spew | |
r | ![]() |
flapped or trilled r, like in Spanish | rʲ | ![]() ![]() |
flapped or trilled r, like in Spanish | |
s | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
soup | sʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
assume (for some dialects) | |
ʂ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
rush | ɕː | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
wish sheep | |
t | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
stand | tʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
stew (UK; for some dialects) | |
ts[11] | ![]() ![]() |
cats | tɕ[11] | ![]() ![]() |
chip | |
v | ![]() |
voodoo | vʲ | ![]() ![]() |
view | |
x | ![]() ![]() |
loch (Scottish); ugh | xʲ | ![]() ![]() |
huge (for some dialects) | |
z | ![]() ![]() |
zoo | zʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
presume (for some dialects) | |
ʐ | ![]() |
rouge | ʑː | ![]() |
prestige genre | |
Stressed vowels | ||||||
[-soft] | [+soft] | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
a | ![]() |
father | æ | ![]() ![]() |
pat (US) | |
ɛ | ![]() ![]() |
met | e | ![]() ![]() |
mace | |
ɨ | ![]() ![]() |
roses (for some dialects) | i | ![]() ![]() |
meet | |
o | ![]() ![]() |
chore | ɵ | ![]() ![]() |
foot | |
u | ![]() |
boot | ʉ | ![]() ![]() |
choose | |
Unstressed vowels | ||||||
[-soft] | [+soft] | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
ɐ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
bud | N/A | |||
ə | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
about | ə | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
lasagna | |
ɨ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
roses (for some dialects) | ɪ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
bit | |
ʊ | ![]() |
put | ʉ | ![]() ![]() |
youth | |
ɛ | тетра́эдр; поэте́сса[17] | met | N/A | |||
o | ![]() |
chore | ɵ | ма́чо; сёрфинги́ст[18] | foot | |
Suprasegmental | ||||||
IPA | Example | Explanation | ||||
ˈ | ![]() |
Stress mark, placed before the stressed syllable | ||||
ː | ![]() |
Consonant length mark, placed after the geminated consonant |
Other Languages
Copyright
- This page is based on the Wikipedia article Help:IPA/Russian; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA.